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    WANG Qin, QIU Yuzhi, QIAO Weihua, DONG Nianguo, YANG Yajiang. Gelation Systems and Mechanisms of Chondroitin Sulfate-Based Injectable Hydrogels[J]. Journal of Functional Polymers, 2021, 34(3): 243-259. doi: 10.14133/j.cnki.1008-9357.20200811001
    Citation: WANG Qin, QIU Yuzhi, QIAO Weihua, DONG Nianguo, YANG Yajiang. Gelation Systems and Mechanisms of Chondroitin Sulfate-Based Injectable Hydrogels[J]. Journal of Functional Polymers, 2021, 34(3): 243-259. doi: 10.14133/j.cnki.1008-9357.20200811001

    Gelation Systems and Mechanisms of Chondroitin Sulfate-Based Injectable Hydrogels

    • Chondroitin sulfate (ChS), a kind of natural polysaccharide, is the sulfated glycosaminoglycan which is widely distributed in the extracellular matrix and on the surface of animal cells. ChS possesses various biological activities, such as promoting cartilage growth, regulating growth factors and accelerating wound healing. As a novel biomaterial, in recent years, ChS-based injectable hydrogels have attracted much attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability combined with their unique bioactivity, particularly, their applications in the fields of tissue engineering, drug delivery, cell therapy and so on. The gelation systems gelation mechanisms and modification methods of ChS-based injectable hydrogels are reviewed. Herein, the formation methods of the three dimensional network structure in ChS-based injectable hydrogels are mainly introduced, involving physical thermo-induced gelation, chemical crosslinking through Schiff’s base formation, click chemical reaction, formation of amide bonds and photo-crosslinking and enzyme-catalyzed crosslinking, etc. These developed precursor polymer systems, the corresponding crosslinking methods and mechanisms have been illustrated in detail. In addition, the methods about regulating gelation time, mechanical properties and tissue adhesion are also discussed. The reported strategies can be summarized as the combination of two or more crosslinking methods, adjusting the constitute of the gelation systems and forming composite hydrogels, etc. Finally, future development of ChS-based injectable hydrogels as biomaterials is prospected. We propose that more feasible injectable hydrogel systems with suitable properties will be developed in the future. Furthermore, the relationships among the chemical structure of ChS, the gelation behavior and biological functions should be studied further. In addition, because of the excellent bioactivity of ChS, ChS-based injectable hydrogels applied in other biomedical fields should be explored.
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