梧桐果壳衍生硬碳用作钠离子电池负极材料

钟家宝; 李瑀; 王玲; 封伟

doi:10.14133/j.cnki.1008-9357.20220401001

梧桐果壳衍生硬碳用作钠离子电池负极材料

doi: 10.14133/j.cnki.1008-9357.20220401001

天津大学材料科学与工程学院, 天津 300072

基金项目: 国家电网总部科技项目(5455 DW190009)

详细信息

作者简介:
钟家宝（1996—），男，江西赣州人，硕士，主要研究方向为钠离子电池硬碳负极材料。E-mail：1846288257@qq.com

通讯作者:
封　伟，E-mail：weifeng@tju.edu.cn

中图分类号: TM912.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-01
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-06
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-23

Sycamore Husk-Derived Hard Carbon as Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

摘要

摘要: 采用天然廉价的梧桐果壳作为硬碳前驱体，经过一系列的洗涤、干燥、研磨和除杂，成功制备了在不同碳化温度下的梧桐果壳衍生硬碳。通过扫描电镜、高分辨率透射电镜、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、等温氮气吸附探究了温度对材料的表面形貌、物相结构以及孔径分布的影响；通过恒电流充/放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗测试考察了材料的电化学性能。结果表明，随着碳化温度的升高，梧桐果壳衍生硬碳的比表面积下降、孔洞减少，且石墨化作用使其层间距下降。当碳化温度为1000 ℃时，硬碳材料的比表面积为4.44 m²/g，首圈库仑效率高达 73%，而首次充/放电比容量分别为 290 mA·h/g和 400 mA·h/g。在电流密度50 mA/g下充/放电100圈后，放电比容量保持在244 mA·h/g，钠离子扩散系数达到10⁻⁸ cm²/s，并且在大倍率充/放电过程中保持优良的稳定性能。
- 梧桐果壳 /
- 硬碳 /
- 钠离子电池 /
- 放电比容量 /
- 电化学性能
Abstract: In this study, sycamore husk was selected as the precursor of hard carbon, and after a series process of washing,drying, grinding and impurity removal, hard carbon derived from sycamore husk-derived was successfully prepared at different carbonization temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and isothermal nitrogen absorption/desorption were used to study the effects of temperature on the surface morphology, phase structure and pore size distribution of the prepared samples, and their electrochemical performances were tested by galvanostatic charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results showed that the increase of carbonization temperature decreased the specific surface area, destroyed the internal pore structure and reduced the interlayer distance of hard carbon due to the graphitization effect. When the carbonization temperature rised to 1 000 ℃, the specific surface area of prepared hard carbon was 4.44 m²/g, which delivered the initial charge and discharge capacities of 290 mA·h/g and 400 mA·h/g, associated with the initial coulombic efficiency of 73%. The specific capacity remained as 244 mA·h/g after 100 cycles at 50 mA/g, and the diffusion coefficient of Na⁺ reached 10⁻⁸ cm²/s, accompanying excellent stability even at high rate charge/discharge process.
- sycamore husk /
- hard carbon /
- sodium-ion battery /
- discharge specific capacity /
- electrochemical performance

HTML全文

图 1 WTHC的制备示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of preparation of WTHC

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图 2 WT的热重曲线

Figure 2. TG curve of WT

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图 3 不同温度下制备的WTHC（a～c）扫描电镜照片和（d～f）高分辨率透射电镜照片（插图为选区电子衍射照片）

Figure 3. (a−c) SEM images and (d−f) HR-TEM images of WTHC prepared at different temperatures (The insets in (d−f) are the corresponding SAED patterns)

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图 4 所制备的WTHC的（a）XRD 谱图和（b）Raman谱图

Figure 4. (a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of prepared WTHC

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图 5 所制备的WTHC的（a）N₂吸附-脱附等温曲线和（b）相应孔径分布

Figure 5. (a) N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms and (b) pore size distributions of prepared WTHC

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图 6 不同温度下制备的WTHC电极的前3圈（a～c）循环伏安曲线和（d～f）恒电流充/放电曲线

Figure 6. (a−c) CV curves and (d−f) the galvanostaic charge-discharge curves of prepared WTHC electrode at different in the first three cycles

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图 7 不同温度下制备的WTHC电极（a）在50 mA/g电流密度下的循环性能和（b）不同电流密度下的倍率性能

Figure 7. (a) Cycling performances at the current density of 50 mA/g and (b) rate capabilities at different current densities of prepared WTHC electrodes at different temperatures

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图 8 WTHC电极恒电流滴定测试时的（a）放电和（b）充电过程电压-时间曲线; （c）充电和（d）放电过程中Na⁺的表观扩散系数

Figure 8. Voltage-time curves in the (a) discharging and (b) charging process of WTHC electrodes during the GITT test; the apparent diffusion coefficient of Na⁺ during (c) charging and (d) discharging processes

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图 9 循环前所制备WTHC电极的EIS图谱

Figure 9. EIS spectra of prepared WTHC electrodes before cycling

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