聚合物老化传染行为研究

刘璇; 杨睿

doi:10.14133/j.cnki.1008-9357.20210903001

聚合物老化传染行为研究

doi: 10.14133/j.cnki.1008-9357.20210903001

刘璇^1,,
杨睿^2, ,

1.
清华大学合肥公共安全研究院灾害事故调查技术中心, 合肥 230601
2.
清华大学化学工程系, 北京 100084

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（51673111）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘璇：刘　璇（1990−），女，博士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为高分子材料的老化及微量物证鉴定。E-mail：liuxuan61524@163.com

通讯作者:
杨　睿，E-mail：yangr@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

中图分类号: O631.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 7
- HTML全文浏览量: 8
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-03
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-13

Infection Behavior During Ageing of Polymers: A Review

LIU Xuan^1
,,
YANG Rui^{2
, ,}

1.
Disaster Accident Investigation and Technology Centre, Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
2.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

摘要

摘要: 在聚合物共混物中，或多种聚合物在同一空间并用时，各聚合物或聚合物组分的老化过程相互影响，即为聚合物老化传染行为。这种聚合物老化传染行为使针对单一品种聚合物老化的研究结果往往不能用以准确预测实际使用中聚合物材料的寿命，是老化研究领域的重要课题。本文综述了聚合物老化传染行为的研究进展，重点阐明老化传染行为的典型表现形式：“接触式”传播和“非接触式”传染，对传染媒介的来源和作用机制进行分析，介绍老化传染行为在环境保护和文物保护领域的应用，总结聚合物老化传染研究面临的挑战并展望前景。
- 聚合物 /
- 老化 /
- 传染 /
- 降解 /
- 稳定性
Abstract: When polymers are in blends or used together, the ageing process of polymer components or polymers affects each other, which is called infection behavior of ageing. Due to the infection behavior of polymer ageing, the research results of an individual polymer cannot be used to predict the life of this polymer material in blends or used with other polymers. Therefore, infection behavior is an important topic in the field of ageing study. This article mainly features the research progress towards infection behavior of polymer ageing. Firstly, the "contacting" and "non-contacting" behaviors are emphatically illustrated, which are the two typical patterns of infection behavior of ageing. Ageing spreads via infection agents within a polymer or polymer blend, and between different polymers separated from each other. Infection agents play an important role in infection behavior. Then the source and effects of infection agents are analyzed. Infection agents include radicals, volatile organic small molecules, gases, volatile additives and so on. All these infection agents work in "contacting" behavior, while volatile and gaseous matter are more important in "non-contacting" behavior. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), formaldehyde and acetic acid are found to accelerate the thermo-oxidative ageing of polypropylene (PP). Eighteen volatile organic small molecules including acids, esters, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols are demonstrated to accelerate the photo-oxidative ageing of PP to different extents. Finally, the applications of infection behavior in the field of environmental protection and heritage protection are introduced and the challenges and prospects are proposed. The characterization of infection agents and their mechanism of action remained to be clarified systematically.
- polymer /
- ageing /
- infection /
- degradation /
- stability

HTML全文

图 1 抗冲击PP在110 °C下热氧老化形成的U形氧化分布曲线^[6]

Figure 1. U-shaped oxidation distribution curve of impact PP during thermo-oxidative ageing at 110 °C^[6]

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图 2 130 °C热处理3 000 h 后的宏观区域及其演变过程^[13]

Figure 2. A macroscopic zone after 3 000 h of exposure at 130 °C and its evolution ^[13]

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图 3 PP老化传播模型示意图^[15]

Figure 3. Scheme of ageing spreading model of PP ^[15]

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图 4 老化传播动力学各参数之间的关系^[17]

Figure 4. Relationship among parameters of spreading kinetics of ageing^[17]

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图 5 PP/PBT光氧老化机理^[44]

Figure 5. Photooxidation mechanism for PP/PBT polymers ^[44]

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图 6 PP/PBT热氧老化机理^[44]

Φ: Benzeng ring; ZX: Two macromolecular chain radicals; PH: Polymer chain

Figure 6. Thermooxidation mechanism for PP/PBT polymers ^[44]

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图 7 气流挡板对PP氧化前锋移动的影响^[29]

Figure 7. Effect of the gas barrier on the speed of the oxidation front in PP ^[29]

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图 8 PP颗粒相距(a) 100 μm和(b) 400 μm时150 °C氧化5.5 h的ICL图^[12]

Figure 8. ICL of PP particles oxidized for 5.5 h at 150 °C separated by (a) 100 μm and (b) 400 μm ^[12]

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图 9 双热台化学发光检测系统示意图（左）和PP、HTPB的化学发光曲线（右）^[62]

Figure 9. Scheme of system with photon emission and detection from two hot stages (Left); Chemiluminescence curves of PP and HTPB (Right) ^[62]

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图 10 PP与多种有机小分子共置光氧老化288 h的羰基指数（a. 对照组；b. PP+甲酸（FAC）；c. PP+乙酸（HAC）；d. PP+丙酸（PAC）；e. PP+异丁酸（IAC）；f. PP+十一烯酸（UAC）；g. PP+丙烯酸（AA）；h. PP+甲基丙烯酸（MAA）；i. PP+丙烯酸甲酯（MA）；j. PP+丙烯酸丁酯（BA）；k. PP+甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）；l. PP+甲醛（FH）；m. PP+乙醛（AH）；n. PP+丙酮（CP）；o. PP+丁酮（MEK）；p. PP+乙醇（EA）；q. PP+异丙醇（IPA）；r. PP+正戊醇（NPEA）；s. PP+异戊醇（IPEA））^[97]

Figure 10. Carbonyl index of PP with various organic small molecules after photo-oxidative ageing for 288 h (a. Control; b. PP+FAC; c. PP+HAC; d. PP+PAC; e. PP+IAC; f. PP+UAC; g. PP+AA; h. PP+MAA; i. PP+MA; j. PP+BA; k. PP+MMA; l. PP+FH; m. PP+AH; n. PP+CP; o. PP+MEK; p. PP+EA; q. PP+IPA; r. PP+NPEA; s. PP+IPEA) ^[97]

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图 11 PP/PEO/TiO₂UV照射下降解机理示意图^[113]

Figure 11. Scheme of degradation mechanism for PP/PEO/TiO₂ under UV irradiation ^[113]

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表 1 不同老化条件下PP释放的挥发性物质种类和数量

Table 1. Types and quantities of volatiles realeased by PP under different ageing conditions

Composition	Ageing condition	Category	Number
Isotactic polypropylene（iPP）^[90]	130 °C, thermo-oxidation	Aldehyde, ketones, acids, alcohols, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, furans	26
iPP ^[91]	200 kGy Co-60 irradiation + oxygen	Aldehyde, ketones, acids, alcohols, esters, olefins, alkanes, furans	33
Atactic polypropylene（aPP）^[92]	200 °C, thermo-oxidation	Aldehyde, ketones, acids, alcohols, olefins, alkanes	23
Commercial PP ^[93]	Xenon lamp, photo-oxidation	Aldehyde, ketones, acids, alcohols, olefins, alkanes	22
PP + 0.22 % peroxides ^[94]	250, 275 and 300°C, hot water	Aldehyde, ketones, acids, alcohols, phenols	20
PP/hemp fiber composites ^[95]	ISO 877-2: 2011	Aldehyde, ketones, acids, alcohols, phenols，aliphatic hydrocarbons, furans, azines	92

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