光固化3D打印技术及光敏树脂的开发与应用

王世崇; 朱雨薇; 吴瑶; 向洪平; 刘晓暄; 彭忠泉; 容敏智; 章明秋

doi:10.14133/j.cnki.1008-9357.20210510001

光固化3D打印技术及光敏树脂的开发与应用

doi: 10.14133/j.cnki.1008-9357.20210510001

1.
广东工业大学材料与能源学院，广东省功能软凝聚态物质重点实验室，广州 510006
2.
金发科技股份有限公司，广州 510700
3.
中山大学化学学院，广东省高性能树脂基复合材料重点实验室，聚合物复合材料及功能材料教育部重点实验室，广州 510275

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（51873043）；广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2020B090924001）

详细信息

作者简介:
王世崇（1997—），男，海南澄迈人，硕士生，主要从事3D打印用光敏树脂研究。E-mail：Wang17368085312@163.com

通讯作者:
向洪平，E-mail：xianghongping@gdut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TQ32
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-13

Development and Applications of UV-Curing 3D Printing and Photosensitive Resin

1.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
2.
Kingfa Sci & Tech Co Ltd, Guangzhou 510700, China
3.
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

摘要

摘要: 光固化3D打印技术因速度快、精度高、环境友好等优势，已成为一类广泛应用的快速成型工艺。光敏树脂作为光固化3D打印的主体材料，对器件的性能与应用有着决定性影响。本文先介绍了几种已普及和新开发的光固化3D打印成型原理；并对光敏树脂的组成、分子结构和器件性能间的构-效关系进行了分析；进而对光固化3D打印及树脂的应用进行分类介绍；最后对光固化3D打印与光敏树脂的未来发展进行了分析与展望。
- 光固化3D打印 /
- 光敏树脂 /
- 自由基光固化 /
- 混杂光固化 /
- 巯基-烯光聚合
Abstract: UV-curing 3D printing, one of the rapid prototyping technologies, can manufacture various complex objects by the layer-by-layer UV-curing of photosensitive resin. Comparing with other additive manufacturing technologies, it has already become one of the popular ones, due to its advantages of fast curing rate, high precision, eco-friendliness, excellent surface quality, low cost, and so on. Photosensitive resin is the preferred 3D printing main materials for high-precision products, owing to the excellent rheology properties and instant UV-curing characteristics. Generally, photosensitive resin used for 3D printing mainly consists of photosensitive prepolymers, reactive diluents, photo-initiators and a handful of additives. With the wider applications of UV-curing 3D printing, the consumption of photosensitive resin is rapidly increasing. However, there are some urgent problems to photosensitive resin, such as surface oxygen inhibition, high volume shrinkage and unsatisfactory mechanical properties. In view of the lack of systematic discussion on the latest research progress of UV-curing 3D printing and its photosensitive resin, this review focuses on the research advances and development prospect of UV-curing 3D printing and its photosensitive resin accordingly. Firstly, the printing principles and advantages and disadvantages of the universally available and newly-developed UV-curing 3D printing technologies are introduced detailly. Then, the effects of the basic compositions and molecular structures of photosensitive resins on the performances of 3D printed devices are emphatically discussed. The practical applications of UV-curing 3D printing and its photosensitive resins are also presented by living examples, including model making, industrial manufacturing and biomedical devices. Finally, the present status and future development of UV-curing 3D printing and its photosensitive resins are analyzed and prospected. This review will effectively contribute the technological progress and widen applications of UV-curing 3D printing and photosensitive resins.
- UV-curing 3D printing /
- photosensitive resin /
- free radical UV-curing /
- free radical-cation hybrid UV-curing /
- thiol-ene photopolymerization

HTML全文

图 1 光固化3D打印技术及光聚合体系^[12]

Figure 1. Schematic of UV-curing 3D printing technologies and the photopolymerization^[12]

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图 2 SLA工作原理示意图^[13]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of SLA^[13]

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图 3 DLP工作原理示意图^[13]

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of DLP^[13]

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图 4 CLIP工作原理示意图^[17]

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of CLIP^[17]

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图 5 MJP工作原理示意图^[20]

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of MJP^[20]

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图 6 TPP工作原理示意图^{[22, 23]}

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of TPP ^{[22, 23]}

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图 7 LCD工作原理示意图^[25]

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of LCD^[25]

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图 8 VAM工作原理示意图^[28]

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of VAM^[28]

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图 9 连续单墨滴3D打印示意图^[29]

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of continuous one-droplet 3D printing process^[29]

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图 10 HARP工作原理示意图^[30]

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of HARP^[30]

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图 11 VPIP工作原理示意图^[31]

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of VPIP^[31]

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图 12 交叉光束3D打印技术工作原理示意图^[32]

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of cross-beam 3D printing technology^[32]

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图 13 自由基-阳离子杂化光敏树脂中互穿网络的形成示意图^[65]

Figure 13. Interpenetrating network in free-radical/cationic hybrid photosensitive resin^[65]

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图 14 三组分G1 /碘鎓盐/ N-乙烯基咔唑体系的光氧化还原催化和LED 3D打印实验^[68]

Figure 14. Three-component G1/Iodonium salt/N-vinylcarbazole catalyst and LED 3D printing^[68]

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图 15 （a）手工模型与（b）发动机设计验证

Figure 15. （a） Manual models and （b） engine design verification

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图 16 工业制品打印模型

Figure 16. Printed models of industrial products

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图 17 3D打印（a）心脏模型; （b）畸齿矫正模型及其产品; （c）医用拭子; （d）医用面罩

Figure 17. 3D printed （a） heart model, （b） orthodontic model, （c） medical swab and （d） medical facemask

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表 1 不同光固化3D打印技术的比较^{[12, 19, 27]}

Table 1. Comparison of various popular UV-curing 3D printing technologies^{[12, 19, 27]}

Name	UV-curing mechanism	Advantage	Disadvantage	Application
SLA	Free radical and hybrid curing	Mature technology, form large size device	Slow curing speed	Dentistry, mold, automobile
DLP	Free radical curing	Fast curing rate, high precision	Form small size device	Medical care, jewelry, education
CLIP	Free radical and thermocuring	Extremely fast curing speed	Expensive resin and equipment	Sports, cars
MJP	Free radical and hybrid curing	High precision, colourfulness	Expensive equipment	Consumer goods, medical care, jewelry
TPP	Free radical curing	Extremely high precision	Expensive equipment, complex process	Microelectronics, art, scientific research
LCD	Free radical curing	Fast curing speed, low cost	Short service life	Jewelry, mold manufacturing

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表 2 各类光敏预聚物的性能

Table 2. Properties of various photosensitive prepolymers

Prepolymers	Curing rate	Tensile strength	Flexibility	Adhesion	Anti-yellowing	Chemical resistance
Epoxy acrylate	Fast	High	Poor	Medium	Good	Excellent
Polyurethane acrylate	Fast	Adjustable	Good	Adjustable	Adjustable	Good
Unsaturated polyester	Slow	High	Poor	Good	Poor	Poor
Acrylate resin	Fast	Low	Good	Excellent	Excellent	Poor
Polyester acrylate	Adjustable	Medium	Adjustable	Good	Poor	Good
Polyether acrylate	Adjustable	Low	Good	Good	Good	Poor

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