Abstract: Zn2+, Al3+layered double hydroxide (Zn/Al-LDH) modified with potassium oleate had been prepared by coprecipitation method, and then Zn/Al-LDH polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nanocomposites were prepared via solution intercalation in cyclohexanone. The structure and morphology of Zn/Al-LDH PVC nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD and TEM. The thermal stability, mechanical property and UV absorption performance of the samples were investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer, universal testing machine and UV spectrophotometer. Results showed that Zn/Al-LDH nano lamellas were dispersed well in PVC matrix. Zn/Al-LDH facilitated PVC dehydrochlorination at a lower temperature, reduced the subsequent dehydrocarbonation and raised the carbonized temperature. The tensile strength and breakage elongation of Zn/Al-LDH PVC nanocomposites increased when Zn/Al-LDH was mixed into PVC matrix. The composite films had a certain amount of UV absorption in the range of 300~380 nm.