Abstract:
Chemical weapons were applied on a large scale for the first time in World War I. In its continuous development, chemical weapons showed such characteristics as wide killing range, long killing time, multiple poisoning route and low manufacturing cost, which caused a major threat to national security and social stability, thus aroused the general attention of military scientists. From traditional chemical weapons to non-traditional chemical threats such as secondary chemical disasters and chemical terror, chemical protective clothing has always been important equipment to resist these threats. After the development of nearly a century, chemical protective clothing has formed a series mainly composed of air-impermeable and air-permeable type. With the constant development of the threat situation towards stealth variation, it is urgent to make breakthroughs in the principle of protection and new materials, so as to realize the comprehensive improvement of the broad-spectrum protection ability and physiological comfort of chemical protective clothing. Recently, a new type of chemical protective clothing called selectively permeable type came into being and caused wide attention. This kind of protective clothing has excellent comprehensive performance, whose core is selectively permeable material. This selectively permeable material can make a reliable barrier against toxic chemical agents and an efficient transmission of water vapor. According to the different types and mechanisms of selectively permeable materials, this paper reviews the materials based on the ion exchange membranes, carbon-based polymer composites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) polymer composites, the polyoxometallates (POMs) polymer composites, decontamination functional polymers, and introduces the protection, decontamination, moisture permeability, and other properties.