Abstract: The ionic liquid 1allyl 3methylimidazolium chloride ［AMIM］Cl was synthesized under the hlep of microwave irraditation. Microcrystalline cellulose, wheat straw and corn cob straw were pretreated by the ionic liquid and regenerated cellulose was obtained. The process of dissolution of cellulose in the［AMIM］Cl was studied. FTIR、SEM and enzymatic hydrolysis were used to characterize the effects of ionic liquid pretreatment. Results showed that microwave synthesis could greatly shorten the reaction time.The ionic liquid ［AMIM］Cl could effectively pretreat the cellulose. The cellulose crystallinity was reduced, and surface roughness was increased, which improved the accessibility of cellulose enzyme to the substrate.