Abstract: Microcapsules are tiny containers with a core-shell structure, capable of storing various substances and controlling their release. Most conventional microcapsule preparation strategies use emulsion droplets as templates to construct core-shell structures through thermally initiated polymerization, which often requires long-term high-temperature reactions. This may cause demulsification of complex emulsion templates, thereby affecting the morphology and structure of microcapsules. In contrast, photopolymerization technology, with its advantages of high efficiency and mild conditions, is very suitable for the rapid curing of complex emulsion templates and shows unique advantages in the preparation of microcapsules. In recent years, our research group has combined photopolymerization technology with phase separation inside emulsion droplet to construct microcapsules. This method features mild conditions, high efficiency, rapidity, adjustability and controllability, and shows unique advantages in the large-scale preparation of microcapsules. This paper reviews the research progress in the preparation of microcapsules with adjustable structures and controllable properties based on this method, including single-layer polymer microcapsules, multi-layer microcapsules, hybrid microcapsules and multi-compartment microcapsules. It also discusses the construction of various functional coatings based on microcapsules, and finally explores the existing problems and future development trends of this method in microcapsule construction.