Abstract: Composite nanofibers of Eu or Tb complex/polyaniline (PANI)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composite in which rare earth complex and PANI act as model luminescence conducting materials, PVP acts as a supporting material, were successfully prepared via electrospinning as luminescence conducting materials.The properties of the novel luminescence conducting fiber were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), broadband dielectric spectrometer, fluorospectrophotometer (FL).Results suggested that under the excitation of 270 nm ultraviolet, Eu₂(2, 6-pdc)₃(phen)₂/PANI/PVP composite nanofiber emitted the predominant emission peak at 615 nm, Tb₂(2, 6-pdc)₃(phen)₂/PANI/PVP composite nanofiber emitted the predominant emission peak at 544 nm.The electric conductivity of the composite nanofibers reached 1.18×10^-6 S/cm in high frequency electric field.The composite nanofibers had good conducting properties and excellent luminescent property.