Abstract: A new kind of mesoporous carbon-TiO2 nanocomposite as well as its application in lithium ion battery (LIB) as an anode material was reported. A uniform polydopamine (PDA) coating was formed on the surface of titanate nanotubes (TNTs) when inserting TNTs into dopamine solution. The PDA layer was transformed into mesoporous carbon (MC) and TNTs crystalized into TiO2 nanoparticles through calcination in nitrogen, thus, a core-shell MC-TiO2 nanocomposite was obtained. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) was further used to adjust the amount of TiO2 in this nanocomposite. The composite was characterized by TEM, SEM, nitrogen adsorption, XRD, and TG. Lithium ion battery was made by these composites before and after HF treatment as anodes, and the result shows that the composite after HF treatment has much better charge-discharge capability (over 1100 mA·h/g for the first cycle and stabilized in about 360 mA·h/g for next 59 cycles), excellent charge-discharge efficiency and cycle stability. As contrast, the composite before HF treatment has a good cycle stability and charge-discharge efficiency but poor capability (about 130 mA·h/g).