Abstract: With the rapid development of electronic industries in recent years, information technology devices, such as personal computer, mobile phones, digital cameras and media players, have become an essential part of our daily life. From both the technological and economic point of view, the development of novel information storage materials and devices has become an emergent issue facing the electronics industry. Due to the possibility of tailoring electronic properties via molecular design and synthesis, polymer electronic memory has been identified as an emerging memory technology since 2005 by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). In comparison to inorganic materials-based memory devices, polymer memories are proposed to revolutionize electrical applications by providing extremely inexpensive, lightweight, and transparent modules that can be fabricated onto plastic, glass, or the top layer of CMOS hybrid integration circuits. The basic concept and the memory mechanism of resistive polymer memory, the progress of resistive polymer memory materials and the problems that needs to be solved urgently in the near future were systematically reviewed.