Abstract: Polymer-based dielectric capacitors have become important energy storage components in electronic power systems attributed to high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, good self-healing characteristics and easy-processability. However, the poor dielectric constant and energy storage density of polymers severely limit further practical applications of polymer-based film capacitors. Therefore, it is critical to enhance the dielectric constant as well as the energy density and the energy storage efficiency of polymer-based capacitors. Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) has become a hot research topic due to its good dielectric properties and high discharged energy density. Beginning with the energy storage principle of dielectrics, three major schemes for the material design and the performance regulation of PVDF-based nanocomposite dielectrics are reviewed: (1) polymers+inorganic high-dielectric nanofillers; (2) polymers+inorganic low-dielectric nanofillers; (3) polymers+metal nanoparticles. This review provides important references for further improving the energy storage performance of polymer-based dielectric capacitors.