Abstract: Since the concept of dynamic covalent bonding was introduced, sulfur-containing dynamic polymers, as an important class of polymer in dynamic chemistry, have made breakthroughs in many fields such as chemistry, biology, and materials. The rapid development of sulfur-containing dynamic polymers is attributed to the various fascinating properties of elemental sulfur. Sulfur, as a common element in nature, is related to biological origins and essential to biological metabolism, such as sulfur in DNA and amino acids. Sulfur exists widely in nature, such as sulfur in crude oil, and sulfide ores in the geological environment. Sulfur-containing compounds are more active and diverse in physicochemical properties and participate in a variety of organic chemical reactions. In this review, different types of sulfur-containing dynamic covalent bonds (e.g., dynamic disulfide bonds, dynamic thioester bonds, dynamic thioacetal bonds, dynamic thiosemicarbazone bonds, and some unusual sulfur-containing dynamic bonds) are described. The effects of the reaction conditions and the chemical structure on the dynamic behaviors are briefly summarized. The mechanisms of dynamic behaviors of some sulfur-containing dynamic polymers are analyzed. In addition, the applications of various sulfur-containing dynamic covalent bonds to polymer design and applications in the fields of materials chemistry, electronics, and biomedicine are introduced. Finally, the current difficulties and challenges in the development of sulfur-containing dynamic polymer materials are analyzed, and an outlook on their future development is given.