Abstract: With the advent of big data and the Internet of Things (IoTs), Artificial Intelligence (AI) has received great attention from the global scientific and industrial communities. Photoelectric neuromorphic devices, which can overcome the von Neumann bottleneck issue of conventional computer systems, are developing rapidly. The optical signal, which has the advantages of low power consumption, low crosstalk, high bandwidth and low computational requirements, can be regarded as an additional terminal to enrich the regulatory freedom of synaptic plasticity. The optoelectronic performance of optoelectronic devices largely depends on the design and preparation of optoelectronic materials. With the advantages of molecular diversity, low cost, easy processing, mechanical flexibility and compatibility with flexible substrates, organic materials are important materials platform for constructing high performance optoelectronic synaptic devices. In this review, the latest development of organic materials in optoelectronic devices and visual bionics is introduced, and the current application challenges and future prospects of organic materials are discussed.