Abstract: Bone defects caused by surgery or trauma pose great essential challenges to modern clinical medicine. The donor limits traditional bone graft therapies. Thus, it is essential to find alternative therapies. Thanks to fatigue resistance and penetrating of X-rays, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and its composites which have an elastic modulus similar to natural human bone and good biocompatibility and chemical stability, can be used as implantable material for spinal, trauma and orthopedic applications. Excellent wear resistance shows great superiority in artificial joint replacement. The stable chemical resistance and potential antimierobial activity make it play an important role in dental restorations as well. It is a potential material for the treatment of bone defects, but its surface hydrophobicity and biological inertia limit its application in biomedical science. Thus, improving the poor surface performances of PEEK and functioning PEEK become the focus of PEEK study at home and abroad. Inspired by bone tissue composition, structure and function, many strategies have been proposed to change PEEK structure and make PEEK surface functional. In order to make it better used in surgical clinical application, researchers adopted two different strategies of mixed modification and surface modification, so that the obtained PEEK-based material had better biocompatibility, osteointegration, antibacterial, angiogenesis, anti-tumor, immune regulation and multiple regulation properties. In this paper, various modification strategies for improving the biological activity of PEEK and the application status and prospect of PEEK-based materials in the biomedical field are reviewed. The modification strategies are going through single modification to multi-modification. Multi-modification will become the key of clinic applications of PEEK.